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An eye contusion is a bruise around the eye, commonly called a black eye. It may occur when a blow is sustained in or near the eye socket. If a bruise appears, it will usually do so within 24 hours of the injury. Source Causes After being struck in the eye or nose, blood leaks into the area surrounding the eye. Risk Factors Participation in high impact sports such as basketball, football, hockey, and boxing Occupations that expose the eye to potential injury, such as manufacturing, construction, and athletics Violence Symptoms A black and blue or purple mark will appear following the injury. There may also be redness, swelling, and tenderness or pain. Once it begins to heal, the contusion may turn yellow.

Avian influenza is a strain of influenza that primarily infects birds. It is often called the bird flu. In Asia and Africa, there have been cases of avian influenza that have infected humans. To date there have been few cases of human illness. However, many infected patients have died. There is also concern that the virus could become more efficient at infecting humans. Some health experts are concerned that this could eventually cause a pandemic of this disease. A pandemic is a worldwide outbreak. However, the virus is not currently increasing in severity.

Bed-wetting is involuntary urination during sleep in children. Typically children become able to sleep through the night without wetting around ages 3 to 5 years. Talk to your doctor if your child has bed-wetting after age 5 years. There are two types bed-wetting (also called enuresis): Primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE)—no periods of nighttime dryness Secondary nocturnal enuresis (SNE)—periods of nighttime dryness longer than 6 months followed by bed-wetting Bed-wetting is common and not related to a medical condition. Most will stop by the time the child reaches puberty. However, bed-wetting remains a problem for up to 1% of adults.

A pressure sore is a lesion that develops on the skin and underlying tissues due to unrelieved pressure usually over a bony prominence. The skin and tissues rely on an adequate blood supply for oxygen and nutrients. When tissues are compressed for an extended period from hours to days, blood supply can be cut off, leading to development of a sore. Source Causes Pressure sores result from lying or sitting in one position for too long a time. Prolonged pressure cuts off the blood supply to tissues that are compressed between a bony area and a mattress, chair, or other object. Without oxygen and nutrients, the

An ankle sprain is a partial or complete tear of the ligaments that support the ankle. Ligaments are strong bands of tissue that cross joints and connect bones to each other. Source Causes Ankle sprains may be caused by: Falling Sudden twisting of the ankle, such as: Stepping on an uneven surface or in a hole Taking an awkward step when running, jumping, or stepping up or down Having your ankle "roll over" when playing sports or exercising (called inversion of the foot)

Source Amoebic dysentery is an intestinal illness associated with stomach pain, bloody stools, and fever. This condition can be treated. Causes Amoebic dysentery is caused by a parasite called Entamoeba histolytica. You may develop amoebic dysentery if you: Put something in your mouth that has touched the stool of a person infected with  E histolytica Swallow water or food that has been contaminated with  E histolytica Touch cysts (eggs) from  E histolytica  -contaminated surfaces and bring them to your

The appendix is a small, tube-like organ that hangs from the large intestine. Appendicitis is inflammation of the appendix. The appendix has no known function. Source Causes Appendicitis usually occurs when the appendix becomes inflamed. This can be caused by something trapped in the appendix, such as: A piece of dried stool A piece of food Tumors Scar tissue Worms Barium after an exam Overgrowth of the lymph tissue of the appendix

Athlete's foot is a fungal infection that typically occurs on the feet. The infection is common among people who exercise or play sports. Anyone can get athlete's foot. Causes Fungus thrives in warm, dark, moist places, such as the inside of a shoe, locker rooms, showers, and swimming pools. Your bare feet come in contact with the fungus when you walk through a contaminated area. The fungus will grow if your feet or the area between your toes stays slightly wet. Source Risk Factors Risk factors that increase your chances of getting athlete's foot include:

Asthma is a chronic condition of the airways or tubes of the lungs. It narrows the airways and make it difficult to breathe. Source Causes The exact cause of asthma is not clear. It may be caused by a combination of factors including environment, genetics, and biology. Asthma symptoms are caused by an increased sensitivity of the airways to certain triggers. The triggers cause the lining of the airways to swell and produce extra fluid called mucus. At the same time the muscles around the outside of the airway tighten in response to the irritation. All of these reactions narrow the airways and make it difficult to breathe. This response is often referred to as an asthma attack. Possible triggers of an asthma attack in a person with asthma include: Viral illness Exercise Cold weather Sinusitis Gastroesophageal reflux disease  (GERD) Sulfites used in dried fruits and wine Medications, such as aspirin , ibuprofen , and beta-blockers Exposure to irritants or allergens, in

Anorexia is an eating disorder . It occurs when a person's obsession with diet and exercise leads to extreme weight loss. The disorder is considered if a person refuses to maintain a body weight at or above 85% of their ideal body weight. It can be fatal. The cause is still unknown. Source Risk Factors A risk factor increases your chance of getting a disease or condition. Risk factors for anorexia include the following: Sex: female Age: adolescence or early adulthood Low self-esteem Feelings of helplessness Perfectionism Fear of becoming overweight Familial pressure to be thin Families that are overprotective, rigid, not involved, or in conflict Family history of eating disorders Emotional stress Mood disorders, such as  depression  or  generalized anxiety disorder Personality disorders Influenced by social and fashion trends emphasizing or glamorizing thinness Symptoms Symptoms may include: Excessive weight loss Obsession with food, calories, and f

The study included data from 14,000 people in Olmsted County, Minn., who were part of the Rochester Epidemiology Project and who visited a doctor or other health care provider sometime between Jan. 1, 2005 and Dec. 31, 2009. They found that the top 10 most common reasons for seeing the doctor were: 1. Skin disorders, including cysts, acne and dermatitis. 2. Joint disorders, including osteoarthritis. 3. Back problems. 4. Cholesterol problems. 5. Upper respiratory conditions. 6. Anxiety, bipolar disorder and depression. 7. Chronic neurological disorders. 8. High blood pressure. 9. Headaches and migraines. 10. Diabetes. Source

Causes Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder. This means that problems in brain development cause autism. Scientists are searching for answers about what causes these development problems. Studies suggest: Autism seems to run in some families. Several genes may be involved. Problems during pregnancy or delivery may interfere with normal brain development. Something in the environment that a child is exposed to may be a factor. Risk Factors These factors increase your chance of developing autism: Sex: male (Boys are four times more likely to have autism than girls.) Family history: siblings of a child with autism have a 3%-7% chance of being autistic. A number of other conditions are related to autism, although the relationship between them is not clear: Neurofibromatosis Tuberous sclerosis Fragile X syndrome Phenylketonuria (PKU) Möbius syndrome Epilepsy Herpes encephalitis Cytomegalovirus Problems during pregnancy or delivery Having  rubella  during preg

Anxiety may occur with other conditions, such as alcohol abuse , drug abuse , and depression . Causes Anxiety disorders may result from a combination of factors, such as: Genetics Factors in the environment Chemical imbalances in the brain (e.g., serotonin, norepinephrine) may also play a role. Risk Factors Factors that may increase the risk of anxiety disorders include: Sex: female Family member with anxiety disorders Stressful life events Poor coping strategies History of physical or psychological trauma Symptoms Psychological symptoms may include: Worry or dread Obsessive or intrusive thoughts Sense of imminent danger or catastrophe Fear or panic Restlessness Irritability Impatience Ambivalence (uncertainty) Trouble concentrating Physical symptoms may include: Rapid heartbeat Sweating (especially the palms) Dry mouth Flushing or blushing Muscle tension Shortness of breath Feeling lightheaded or fainting Difficulty sleeping Shaking Cho